A Stormy Christmas and a Botnet New Year

The newest round of Storm Worm Propagation emails has come out, and its
again, largely undetected malware.

The main URLs we are seeing at this point are:

uhavepostcard.com <== (majority use this one)

happycards2008.com <== (all of these dated today)

There are more than 100 samples using these two URLs so far. The first
was received December 24th at 12:10 PM. The most recent was received
just moments ago.

- -------
Subjects include:

A fresh new year
A fresh new year...
As you embrace another new year
Blasting new year
Happy 2008 To You!
Happy 2008!
Happy New Year To (emailhere)
Happy New Year To You!
Happy New Year!
It's the new Year
Joyous new year
Lots of greetings on new year
Message for new year
New Hope and New Beginnings...
New Year Ecard
New Year Postcard
New Year wishes for you
Opportunities for the new year
Wishes for the new year

---------

A scan of the current malware on VirusTotal just now showed a 37.5%
detection rate. The version scanned was 142,337 bytes and had the MD5
checksum of:

44dc7307c81eb9fe0a0cf9147a9932ef

Notable non-detections include F-Prot, Kaspersky, McAfee, and Sophos

Those detecting named the malware as follows:

AntiVir = TR/Rootkit.Gen
Avast = Win32:Zhelatin-ASX
BitDefender = DeepScan:Generic.Malware.FMH@mmign.55A134E9
ClamAV = Trojan.Zhelatin
DrWeb = Trojan.Spambot.2386
Fortinet = W32/Tibs.G@mm
Microsoft = Backdoor:WinNT/Nuwar.B!sys
NOD32v2 = probably a variant of Win32/Fuclip
Panda = suspicious file
Prevx1 = Stormy:Worm-All Variants
Symantec = Trojan.Peacomm
Webwasher = Trojan.Rootkit.Gen

PREVX.com says this version was first seen on December 26th and has been
reported by one user in Spain. (That's where VirusTotal is, so I guess
that's me and others using VirusTotal.)

A Christmas version of the Storm Worm Propagation email may still be lurking in in-boxes as employees return from their holiday vacations. The Christmas version primarily used the malware domain:

merrychristmasdude.com

and used these subject lines. Visiting those sites now actually downloads the same "happy-2008.exe" malware as the New Year propagation uses, since these are in reality the same infected computers acting as the web hosts.

The Christmas subject lines were:

Christmas Email
Cold Winter Nights
Feel the Holiday Spirit
Find Some Christmas Tail
Ho Ho Ho.s
How.s It Goin
I love this Carol!
Jingle Bells, Jingle Bells
Looking for something hot this Christmas
Merry Christmas From your Secret Santa
Merry Christmas To All
Mrs. Clause
Mrs. Clause Is Out Tonight!
Santa Said, HO HO HO
Seasons Greetings
The Perfect Christmas
The Twelve Girls of Christmas
Time for a little Christmas Cheer.
Warm Up this Christmas
Your Secret Santa

The domain names for all of these are set up in a "round robin". For instance, I use "nslookup" to query "merrychristmasdude.com" ten times in a row and get the following list of IP replies:

66.78.160.196
24.126.208.180
86.125.107.157
70.249.186.39
79.172.83.168
91.142.197.135
62.43.161.233
78.60.109.65
91.122.89.214
75.58.60.145

A much longer list of IP addresses which answer queries for all three of these domain names:

12.207.192.66
12.215.209.21
12.219.197.139
12.227.173.1
24.165.167.150
24.181.224.249
24.181.42.5
24.182.40.236
24.2.46.250
24.210.99.223
24.3.160.88
24.95.77.206
58.226.226.6
58.8.20.129
59.112.81.137
59.113.187.86
59.12.125.252
59.15.71.112
59.3.40.145
59.86.244.147
59.92.78.2
59.93.39.233
59.95.191.39
60.249.4.119
60.50.100.42
60.53.25.73
60.56.115.109
60.9.222.137
61.15.254.115
61.32.177.59
61.72.147.153
61.80.150.87
62.65.232.246
64.85.228.164
65.189.233.73
65.31.39.88
66.142.52.23
66.31.113.211
67.164.126.186
67.173.35.121
67.177.191.148
67.181.90.28
67.186.43.176
67.187.30.81
68.127.51.120
68.167.71.243
68.187.46.125
68.204.186.99
68.248.237.55
68.54.157.173
68.54.234.64
68.63.133.158
68.79.7.249
68.80.244.129
68.81.122.156
68.81.195.121
69.154.137.176
69.183.216.161
69.215.175.83
69.225.12.176
69.226.25.20
69.247.40.180
69.248.212.75
69.254.83.191
70.115.222.172
70.126.163.174
70.243.43.6
70.245.14.188
70.249.186.39
71.200.198.181
71.205.208.104
71.224.88.232
71.227.249.98
71.230.219.209
71.230.66.163
71.237.134.222
71.86.54.0
71.96.13.37
72.40.18.255
72.48.192.221
72.8.101.213
74.128.121.44
74.138.172.43
74.164.251.210
74.75.193.213
75.131.212.194
75.132.160.97
75.21.75.238
75.35.110.9
75.35.252.137
75.37.39.88
75.50.232.119
75.61.64.23
75.68.231.167
75.73.216.43
75.85.190.206
76.107.42.125
76.111.115.55
76.119.119.58
76.15.46.122
76.171.99.77
76.173.57.101
76.212.92.117
76.22.76.57
76.229.114.65
76.243.202.32
76.25.147.99
76.254.139.102
76.65.181.160
76.68.144.93
77.41.47.214
77.48.16.49
77.57.127.78
77.99.143.61
78.107.182.172
78.107.190.69
78.92.91.186
79.112.4.123
79.120.35.238
79.120.56.38
79.126.167.63
79.139.178.64
79.165.162.240
79.182.0.73
80.73.89.69
81.190.78.83
81.210.133.54
82.1.108.104
82.181.41.160
82.233.232.162
82.79.129.214
83.5.77.234
83.54.12.240
84.10.43.106
84.126.102.227
84.31.89.195
85.180.66.14
86.102.1.205
86.125.170.161
86.61.66.60
86.63.107.2
87.207.117.102
87.8.161.149
88.156.9.155
88.164.68.15
89.110.51.47
89.137.201.205
89.161.22.219
89.178.170.110
89.20.119.182
89.215.180.33
89.228.40.58
89.36.102.75
89.38.163.176
90.150.126.235
90.150.215.50
90.157.92.141
91.106.18.142
91.122.147.67
91.122.19.127
91.18.246.67
98.194.162.228
98.196.29.67
99.145.19.221
99.241.144.189
117.199.240.218
121.1.85.140
121.124.15.53
121.146.205.123
121.150.127.150
121.158.220.126
121.162.87.237
121.165.21.31
121.172.10.95
121.173.45.111
121.179.107.71
121.246.163.37
121.246.86.244
121.247.143.131
121.247.165.149
121.247.66.110
121.96.253.35
122.164.35.171
122.202.44.89
122.32.53.35
122.36.84.38
122.50.173.172
122.99.16.4
123.201.0.167
123.202.81.199
123.203.20.137
123.215.177.241
123.236.114.63
124.120.35.98
124.120.36.238
124.125.116.171
124.199.33.113
124.244.198.114
124.82.112.191
125.137.205.157
125.208.107.18
125.233.65.153
125.235.36.97
125.24.82.14
168.243.219.228
190.17.101.223
190.21.9.139
195.189.153.21
196.217.102.238
200.84.241.161
200.94.163.191
201.172.192.141
201.222.110.245
201.231.140.173
201.241.57.55
201.255.181.193
201.27.179.128
203.223.220.24
203.255.10.96
206.45.91.55
209.102.185.215
210.105.165.204
210.109.244.10
211.109.96.223
211.195.3.79
211.201.18.155
211.204.48.194
211.54.167.69
213.169.180.110
217.123.175.129
218.156.143.96
218.174.73.42
220.118.185.247
220.121.81.72
220.19.166.13
220.225.184.83
220.76.90.93
220.78.225.208
221.147.22.23
222.114.18.22
222.238.245.88
222.98.228.236

Good luck, and thanks for any help terminating the three domain names in question:


Merry Christmas and Happy New Year, CyberCrime Fighters . . .

_-_
gary warner
http://www.cis.uab.edu/forensics/

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"Google Referrer Only" malware sites

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

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Off Topic: Browser and OS Trends

WARNING!! I'm going a bit off topic today.

This post started off to be about JavaScript enabled browsing by end-users. Security professionals have long recommended that JavaScript be disabled by default, and enabled only for those sites which require JavaScript and which are trusted by the user as a "Trusted Site".

In Internet Explorer this is done in a fashion that confuses most end-users, by creating a "Trusted Zone" and setting different security properties in the Trusted Zone than in the Global Zone. (Directions for using Trusted Zones are here)

In FireFox, the best way to accomplish this is by running the Plug-In "No Script", which disables scripting by default and allows the user to click to enable scripts on Trusted Sites that seem broken if they scripting is disabled. (The NoScript homepage is here)

Bottom Line: Unless a site requires Java support and you trust it, you should not be browsing with Java Enabled!

Unfortunately, as I reviewed three groups of web statistics - from visitors to this blog, from visitors to my haiku poetry website, and from visitors to my genealogy website, Almost EVERYONE had Java enabled. Between 97.7% and 98.5%!!

Then I laughed at myself as I realized that I was using Google Analytics to do that measurement, and Google Analytics doesn't record the visit unless Java is enabled. Which now has me puzzling over how ANYONE was recorded who had no Java.

But I still had some interesting, though slighly off-topic results to share with you, Dear Reader . . .

---

If we watch the media in its various forms, we are being bombarded with a few basic messages:
- The Age of the Macintosh is upon us
- Linux Threatens Windows
- Windows Vista is the Path to Security
- Internet Explorer 7 is the Path to Security

I thought it would be interesting to look at some statistics to see if these messages reflect the reality of the Average Internet User.

After careful reflection, I realized I don't have the ability to measure The Average Internet User, so instead I looked at some Google Analytics for three websites that I have tagged. The three are of course English-language biased, but then so is most of the media I consume, so I think that's ok.

---

Sample One: People who read this blog.

This blog is about CyberCrime, and usually CyberCrime in the United States. One hopes that the readers are people who care about CyberCrime and perhaps by a bit of a stretch, protecting their computers.

For the sample period I looked at there were 3,400 unique visitors to this blog from 85 countries and all 50 states, but with 78% of the readers coming from the US.

Windows	88.65%
Mac	7.91%
Linux	3.09%
Windows breakdown
XP	83%
Vista	10%
2000	5%
Server 2003	1%
98	0.8%

Internet Explorer	58.01%
FireFox	34.69%
Safari	4.44%
Opera	1.13%
IE breakdown
IE 7.x	50.24%
IE 6.x	49.42%
IE 5.x	0.34%

---

Sample Two: People who visit my haiku poetry website.

The Haiku Poetry fans, as you might imagine, are a bit different than the readers here. 6,600 unique visitors from 98 countries and all 50 states, with only 54% of the readership coming from within the US.

Windows	88.49%
Mac	8.86%
Linux	2.53%
Windows breakdown
XP	85%
Vista	6%
98	4%
2000	3%

Internet Explorer	67.26%
FireFox	24.57%
Safari	5.64%
Mozilla	1.43%
IE breakdown
IE 6.x	58%
IE 7.x	39%
IE 5.x	2%

SLIGHTLY higher Macintosh adoption (not statistically significant), slightly lower Linux adoption (also not statistically significant), but a much greater chance of using "old" Internet Explorer, not being on Vista, and still running Windows 98.

---

Sample Group 3: People who visit my genealogy websites

This was the smallest group, with 1200 unique visitors representing 37 countries, but with 86% of the traffic coming from within the United States. Genealogists tend to be older and thriftier people than Security professionals. Probably on a "technology" basis, they are more similar to the haiku poets than the security professionals. I included this as a hope towards a "lower tech but US based" sample, to see whether the haiku poets trends were representing their tech level, or their nation of residence.

Windows	88.7%
Mac	5.67%
Linux	5.25%
Windows breakdown
XP	86.5%
Vista	7.5%
2000	3.2%
Server 2003	1.3%
98	1.2%

Internet Explorer	70.14%
FireFox	20.35%
Mozilla	4.4%
Safari	3.48%
IE breakdown
IE 6.x	50.15%
IE 7.x	49.04%
IE 5.x	.08%

---

Conclusions?

Macintosh users, from my unscientific study, still represent less than 9% of the installed user base.

Linux users are still a small enough number for the average webmaster to safely ignore them.

Vista still represents less than 10% of the installed user base.

FireFox has an impressive market share and must be considered by all webmasters, but trails both IE 6 and IE 7 when considered individually.

Despite the security benefits of IE7, slightly less than half of those who could use it are using it. (From my experience this is because many web-based applications still don't work in IE7.)

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Russian Malware, Welcome to Texas!

Last week a whole group of formerly Russian malware infection websites migrated to a new home in Texas. The move seems to have been made on November 18th, when the virus sites that were formerly on the netblock with 81.95.146.236 moved wholesale to IP addresses in the netblock of 74.52.55.179.

Appropriate folks have all the details, but I wanted to talk today about the infection technique being used by one of the 46 domains, http://entireall.info/.

The way the PHP code on the website works, whatever you are sent on the command line becomes the name of an ".exe" file that is available for download.

So, if you have been sent a spam, or a messagebook-comment-spam to get the new version of Adobe Flash Version 11, then the site will obligingly give you a file called "Adobe_Flash_v11.exe"

As of this timestamp, the root directory of this site is advertising itself as an "Adobe_Flash_v11.exe" updater. VirusTotal.com indicates that only 21% of its 32 anti-virus checks detect this as a virus.

Which brings me to the real topic of today's blog: Constantly Repacked Malware

If you had a link though for "Gar_New_Virus", such as:

(badsite here)/search.php?qq=Gar_New_Virus

Then that would be the name of the file it would offer to download, sticking a ".exe" on the end of it for you.

This site functions in a similar way to other malware sites, typically related to pornographic movie spam, such as "ThisFreeMovies.com", which will send you to download "VideoAccessCodecInstall" because you are lacking the proper Windows Media Player Codec to view a movie. The malware site will obligingly announce that it is the update site for VideoAccessCodecInstall and have a file VideoAccessCodecInstall.exe for you to download.

This latter file is currently undetectable by 21 of the 32 anti-virus products at Virus-Total, including no detection from F-Prot, Kaspersky, McAfee, and Symantec.

Those that do detect it, place it in a family called "Zlob" or "Zlobar".

These sites have been live for several months. Why do the major anti-virus products not detect their malware? It has to do with the fact that they are constantly "re-packing" the offensive code so that traditional signature-based anti-virus products are constantly playing catch up.

On the older of the two malware samples I downloaded just now, the detections identify ZLob:

• AntiVir = DR/Zlob.Gen
  
• AVG = Downloader.Zlob
  
• CAT-Quickheal = TrojanDownloader.Zlob.gen
  
• ClamAV = Trojan.Dropper-2557
  
• F-Secure = W32/Zlob.ARDM
  
• Microsoft = TrojanDownloader:Win32/Zlob.AMM
  
• Norman = W32/Zlob.ARDM
  
• Rising = Trojan.DL.Win32.Zlob.def
  
• Sophos = Troj/Zlobar-Fam
  
• TheHacker = Trojan/Downloader.gen
  
• Webwasher-Gateway = Trojan.Dropper.Zlob.Gen
  
• The other 21 products detect nothing.
  

But look what happens on the nearly identical virus which was packed more recently!

• AntiVir = TR/Crypt.XPACK.GEn
  
• Authentium = could be infected with an unknown virus
  
• AVG = Downloader.Zlob.NP
  
• eSafe = suspicious Trojan/Worm
  
• F-Prot = W32/Heuristic-119!Eldorado
  
• NOD32v2 = probably unknown NewHeur_PE virus
  
• Webwasher-Gateway = Trojan.Crypt.XPACK.Gen
  
• The other 25 products detect nothing.
  

We need to develop new methods for anti-virus products to deal more appropriately with "repacked" malware. Congratulations to those that are using Heuristic detection, or marking the file as suspicious because of the strange packing, but we need to know that these things are bad and warn the users!

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The Identity Theft Enforcement and Restitution Act of 2007

Senator Patrick Leahy introduced a much-needed Identity Theft bill in the Senate on October 30th. The bill, S.2168, cited as the "Identity Theft Enforcement and Restitution Act of 2007", passed by "Unanimous Consent" on November 15th, and we now anticipate rapid action from the House.

Key improvements from the bill include:

A change which removes the previous threshold of requiring $5,000 in damages to make identity theft or spyware a Federal Offense;

A change which makes the placing of spyware or keyloggers on more than 10 computers a FELONY offense;

A change to instruct Criminal Restitution to "pay an amount equal to the value of the time reasonably spent by the victim in an attempt to remediate the intended or actual harm incurred by the victim from the offense";

A change to ensure that Identity Theft resulting from theft of mail be considered under the guidelines for "Aggravated Identity Theft";

A change to the sentencing guidelines in Section 1030 Title 18 subsection (a)(5) "Malicious Spyware, Hacking, and Keyloggers", to increase first offense sentences to include a fine and prison terms up to five years. For a second offense under the same section, the prison term would be raised to up to ten years. Language was also added regarding "an attempt to commit an offense punishable under this subparagraph". ("Attempted hacking"?);

A change to Section 1030(a)(7) that would enhance and clarify the definition of Cyber Extortion;

A change allowing a much greater forfeiture of personal property gained as a result of finances obtained via identity theft;

The bill also directs the United States Sentencing Commission to consider 13 points as they seek to increase sentences for these types of offenses.

---

So what happens next?

Senator Leahy described the bill as being "requested by the Department of Justice", and "supported by a broad coalition of business, high-tech and consumer groups, including Microsoft, Consumers Union, the Cyber Security Industry Alliance, the Business Software Alliance, AARP, and the Chamber of Commerce." (A letter from the Chamber of Commerce was actually read into the Congressional Record in support of the Bill.)

In traditional law-making, bills are introduced in the House and passed to the Senate. This one appears to me to be reversing the process, which means it is now necessary for the House to accept this bill as one of their own. It is now a pressing matter that this bill be voted on by the House and get passed before we all go home for Christmas.

What can you do? Make sure that your Congressman knows about this important bill, and encourage them to get the vote scheduled and to vote in the affirmative for the bill.

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Naked Britney Does It Again!

Today I'm preparing for a lecture tomorrow about Malware and Phishing Risks. When I speak on phishing, I frequently mention that the two reasons that people fall for phishing scams for two primary reasons: Fear, and Greed. They are made afraid that their account is about to be lost, or has already been abused by criminals, or they are enticed the promise of a financial reward for behaving in the way the phisher desires.

When we talk about Malware, we have to add another motivation to the risks: Lust.

This week, we have another round of malware which rides on the desire of email recipients to see Britney Spears naked. The first example is a fairly standard reminder that most anti-virus products do not detect most malware during the first few days of their attack.

In this example, email recipients are told that the attachment to the email contains a "New Britney naked video". What the attached zip file actually contains is a file called "brit.exe", which, of course, turns the infected machine into a bot. Does anti-virus detect it? 53% of AV engines detect it at this time:



The second set of spam uses an assortment of "Britney" subject lines, including:

Britney showed it again!

which connects to a variety of sites with several paths to infection.

Several of the sites linked to from the emails, including: velart.net, blurcolombia.com, agrisanterre.com, which had been modified to include an "iframe" which pulled additional code from "meoryprof.info".

The second one I looked at linked to the website of the "Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Psicologia". On that page, there is a crazy bit of encoded Javascript at the top. When it is decoded, one finds that it links to two sites:

(CAUTION: THESE ARE BAD SITES! DO NOT VISIT!)

http://ramoneymayker.info/

http://spl.vip-ddos.org/

Nope. Nothing suspicious about THOSE names. "VIP Distributed Denial of Service dot org?" I wonder what happens when that box infects a PC?

The owner of "vip-ddos.org" also owns "botnet.cc". Gee. He must have been counting on his encryption preventing us from seeing those names. (AGAIN, don't visit. Even going to the homepage loads malware from certain Malaysian computers.... VIP-DDOS is actually also the name of a popular Chinese attack tool.

So what does it take to become infected by a Drive By Downloader? The temporary temptation to click on a link in an email promising a new Britney picture.

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Private Detective Spam

A disturbing new spam email was received thirty-four times this morning in my spam traps. The email has one of those social engineering bodies that I would imagine to be pure gold as far as its success rate convincing people to click on the attachment.

Here's the message:

I work in a private detective agency. My name is not important.
I want to warn you that i'm going to monitor your phone line.
Do you want to know who paid for shadowing you? Wait for my next letter.


P.S. I know, you don't believe me. But i think the record of your
yesterday's telephone conversation will change your point. The tape is
in archive. Archive password is 123qwe

The attachment is a ".rar" file, which is a compressed file format similar to a ".zip" file. The fact that many American computer users don't have software on their machines that knows how to open a RAR file may be the only thing that keeps some users safe!

When the file is extracted, it sits in the filelist with an icon which would make it seem to be an .MP3 File.



Although if you view it in a different manner, the fact that the file is a "Screen Saver" file.



The file name is actually:

"call1105.mp3 (many spaces here) .scr"

Of the thirty-four samples that I received at the beginning of the day:

Nine of them use the subject "attention".

Four use the subject "I'm watching you".

Six use the subject "We monitor your privacy".

Five use the subject "you are watched"

Four use the subject "Your phone is monitored"

Two use the subject "you're being monitored"

Two use "you are being monitored".

Two use "The tape of your conversation".

All have the password of "123qwe".

As of thirty minutes ago, there were twenty-one anti-virus companies that did NOT detect this as a virus in any way. Eleven companies, according to VirusTotal.com, mostly detected it as a generic "Dropper", though Symantec called it "Trojan.Peacomm.D", which is what it calls Storm Worm viruses.

F-Prot, F-Secure, Kaspersky, McAfee, Microsoft, Sophos, and others do not detect the virus at this time.

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